APA Style
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th Edition (2020)
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Publication Manual (OFFICIAL) 7th Edition of the American Psychological Association
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Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020ISBN: 9781433832178Publication Date: 2019-10-01Known for its authoritative, easy-to-use reference and citation system, the Publication Manual also offers guidance on choosing the headings, tables, figures, language, and tone that will result in powerful, concise, and elegant scholarly communication. It guides users through the scholarly writing process--from the ethics of authorship to reporting research through publication. The seventh edition is an indispensable resource for students and professionals to achieve excellence in writing and make an impact with their work.
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APA Style and Grammar GuidelinesThe style and grammar guidelines pages present information about APA Style as described in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition and the Concise Guide to APA Style, Seventh Edition. Any updates to APA Style are noted on the applicable topic pages.
Most Common APA Formats & Examples
Format:
Last Name, First Initial. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name.
Example:
Hofstadter, D. I am a strange loop. Basic Books.
Format:
Last Name, First Initial. (Date). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), pages. DOI or URL
Example:
Diego, G. R. (2021). Journalism in the attention economy: The relation between digital platforms and news organizations. Brazilian Journalism Research, 17(1), 4-27. https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v17n1.2021.1332
Format:
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site Name. URL
Example:
Chayka, K. (2025, Jun 25). A.I. Is Homogenizing Our Thoughts. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/infinite- scroll/ai-is-homogenizing-our-thoughts
Format:
Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of book. Publisher. URL
Example:
Chan, A. S. (2025) Predatory data : Eugenics in big tech and our fight for an independent future, University of California Press. https://www.proquest.com/legacydocview/EBC/31788859?accountid=28518
7th Edition Information & Examples for In-Text Citation
Basic Principles: Citation is used to avoid plagiarism and to enable people to quickly find where information was found. You will find the basic information to include and the rationale for citing information in your paper.
Appropriate Level of Citation: This explanation is meant to prevent students from under citing and over citing in their papers. (See page 253)
Author-Date Citation System: Many examples of in-text citation including new rules for citing 3 or more authors.
Paraphrasing: Even when putting another author's idea in your own words, it is necessary to give the author credit. While it is not required to include the page number, it can be included if you feel readers would want to more easily find the information. (8.23 Principles of Paraphrasing on page 269)
Quotations: Examples include short and block (40 words or more) quotations
Situations using Direct Quotations (See Sections 8.25, 8.26, 8.27, & 8.28 in the APA Publication Manual; See also Table 8.2 for Examples of Direct Quotations Cited in the Text on page 272)
Citing Personal Communications: These are cited in the text but are not included in the references because they can not be retrieved by the reader.
Secondary Sources: This is a situation where a different author is cited in the source you are reading. You should only cite this author if you cannot find their original work. It should be done very seldom.
Restricted Classroom or Internet Sources: These are sources that can only be retrieved by certain audiences. This might include sources from a restricted class website or learning management system.
Citing Oral Traditions and Traditional Knowledge that is not recorded: (See Section 8.9 in the APA Publication Manual
***For more information (and examples) go to the In-Text Citations page of the APA Style blog.